Its also said that Serbo-Croatian can understand Bulgarian and Macedonian, but this is not true. Also there have been some czecho-slovak shows in TV lately like Czecho-Slovak Idol or Talent with judges and competitors from both countries and I have never heard of anyone who would complain about not understanding. I also recognize a Macedonian who speaks Serbian by the vowel e, and their sound of () is much softer than Serbian one, something between Serbian and or even as same as . I think this is very difficult for Macedonians to distinguish this two consonants and pronounce them correctly. However, the Torlak Serbians can understand Macedonian well, as this is a Serbo-Croatian dialect transitional to both languages. & relat.)) Serbo-Croatian dialects in relation to Slovene, Macedonian, and Bulgarian: The non-standard vernacular dialects of Serbo-Croatian (i.e. Im pretty sure things are identical in Belarus, if not worse afaik knowledge of Belarusian there is not too widespread in the first place. This is a political point, of course. 10%? the interrogatives are much more similar (kda vs. koga when; kd~kud vs. kade where; to~kakv (second form is more characteristic of Bulgarian) vs. to what; koj/koja/koe/koi vs. koj/koja/koe/koi who/which/that (interr. And when islanders respond back in akavian they are puzzled: What? Although Chakavian is clearly a separate language from Shtokavian Croatian, in Croatia it is said that there is only one Croatian language, and that is Shtokavian Croatian. Bolgarian 30 % spoken, 50 % written It is true that Western Slovak dialects can understand Czech well, but Central Slovak, Eastern Slovak and Extraslovakian Slovak dialects cannot. These recommendations are based on research into the mutual intelligibility of Germanic languages, conducted by Femke Swarte. As a native of Ni, I can say that the Serbo-CroatianMacedonian figures might be roughly on-point. Im a speaker of Torlakian Serbian characteristically closer to Macedonian than Standard Serbian, having three (nom/acc/voc) cases and using a fusional instead of an analytic past tense and, with regards to a certain comment made two years ago on here, can, without issue, understand Zona Zamfirova, a movie about life in Ottoman Ni, without any subtitles. 2. December 2014. Tradues em contexto de "mutuamente compreensvel" en portugus-ingls da Reverso Context : Os membros da equipa de verificao da Comisso podem comunicar com as autoridades e com o pessoal do operador da instalao numa lngua comum e mutuamente compreensvel. Eastern Slovak has 82% intelligibility of Rusyn and 72% of Ukrainian. For example we chakavians use a lot of words used in Polish, Ukrainian, Slovak etc but in standard Croatian those words are described as archaisms and instead words used in tokavian come from Turkish. This is because colloquial Ukrainian is closer to the Ukrainian spoken in the Soviet era which had huge Russian influence. Russian has low intelligibility with Czech and Slovak, maybe 30%. If youve studied one language, you may very well understand some of anotheror have a much easier time learning it. But islanders more often say Mi povidamo na nau or domau. To some extent, Russian, Rusyn, Ukrainian, and Belarusian retain a degree of mutual intelligibility. That barrier, however, is not too difficult to overcome. I thought this is Croatia! The real reason that Slavs cant even understand each other: not enough vowels in their tongues! Mutual Intelligibility of Languages in the Slavic Family. I think (as a native Serbian speaker from south eastern Belgrade) the main difference between Serbian and Macedonian is that Macedonian doesnt have cases and have definite articles as well. Italian is partially mutually intelligible with French, Catalan, Sardinian, Spanish, Ladin and Romanian. This difference is because Bulgarian is not spoken the same way it is written like Serbo-Croatian is. In writing, however, Scots language looks similar to English (albeit with some spelling variations). do is the same verb (prim/pri/pri/primo/prite/pre vs. pravam/pravi/pravi/pravime/pravite/pravaat; as opposed to Serbian raditi) Its mainly in the weird Bulgarian grammar! The old Dniestrian/Galician speech is largely confined to rural areas. Cieszyn Silesian or Ponaszymu is a language closely related to Silesian spoken in Czechoslovakia in the far northeast of the country near the Polish and Slovak borders. Not only that, but it is not even fully intelligible with the Eastern Slovak that it resembles most. Belarussian is nonetheless a separate language from both Ukrainian and Russian. Contents1 Can Slovenians understand Croatian?2 What languages are mutually intelligible with Croatian?3 What is the closest language to Slovenian?4 Which two . http://www.fbi.gov/wanted/wanted_terrorists/usama-bin-laden/view Exposure doesnt count. Sorry I can`t give you percentage. It is an official language of the Bulgarian republic and one of 23 official languages of the European Union. Russian has 85% intelligibility with Rusyn (which has a small number of speakers in Central and Eastern Europe). She introduces her and her two friends from the Czech republic and Spain, Because she speaks very clearly and slowly, I understand everything between 0:25-0:32, but then she starts a fast flood of words and between 0:32-0:36 I basically hear only s. Also after studying Ethnologue for a very long time, I noticed that they tended to use 90% as a cutoff for language versus dialect most but not all of the time. Slovenian: 20% A primary challenge to these positions is that speakers of closely related languages can often communicate with each other effectively if they choose to do so. But they are unaware of the fact that islander have a lot of latin but also old Croatian (Slavic) words instead of Turkish which are used by supossedly more Croatian tokavian speaker. She stated that Czech and Slovak are mutually intelligible and that the main differences between the two languages is that Slovak has somewhat of a Hungarian inflluence, and Czech has more of a German and Latin component. I can understand anyone who speaks English, even those who speak it as foreigners might say too fast. For me having learnt some Slavic languages and watching Bulgarian TV was not very difficult. Theres a good reason for this: mutual intelligibility. An example of equal treatment of Malaysian and Indonesian: the, List of dialects or varieties sometimes considered separate languages, List of languages sometimes considered varieties, North Germanic languages Mutual intelligibility, Learn how and when to remove this template message, considered separate languages only for political reasons, "Listening instruction and patient safety: Exploring medical English as a lingua franca (MELF) for nursing education", "The Contribution of Linguistic Factors to the Intelligibility of Closely Related Languages", "Taking taxonomy seriously in linguistics: Intelligibility as a criterion of demarcation between languages and dialects", "uvalar: The Internal Classification & Migration of Turkic Languages", "Mutual Comprehensibility of Written Afrikaans and Dutch: Symmetrical or Asymmetrical? In this week's Slavic languages comparison, we talk about animals in Polish and Ukrainian. It's also highly intelligible with Portuguese in writing, though less so when spoken. I can easily translate the first two sentences: Bulgarian is the oldest documented Slavic language. It is not that hard. Serbs/Croats used to live in the south Poland and they moved south to the current location. A Serbian native speaker felt that the percentages for South Slavic seemed to be accurate. Far Northeastern Slovak (Saris Slovak) near the Polish border is close to Polish and Ukrainian. Ukrainians seems closer to Slovak than Russian but some words in Russian are almost exactly the same in Slovak but in Ukranian they are completely different. In some respects, all Slavic languages have a lot in common. Hutsul, Lemko, Boiko speech (small Ukrainian/Rusyn dialects) stangely enough, more comprehensible than standard Ukrainian. Regular speech is generally quite fast. Intelligibility data for Saris Slovak and Ukrainian is not known. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Maybe it is true for two persons from the opposite end of the dialect continium (Hrvatsko Zagorje and Strumica), that have never been out of their villages and try to communicate on their respective native dialects. Croatian language doesnt exists. Reactions: So far there have been few reactions to the paper. I speak both Southern akavian and neotokavian. I also have no problems understanding standard Croatian or the Kajkavian and Cakavian Croatian dialects and Bosnian and Montenegrin to me are the same language and completely understandable. A question: how is it decided that the cut-off between a language and dialect is 90% MI? Russian is followed by Polish with over 40 million speakers, Ukrainian with 33 million and Czech with 13 million. Give me a figure in % for the Rusyn if you would. Speakers of the Torlak dialect (any Torlak dialect) understand Serbo-Croation, Macedonian and Bulgarian with no problem, and can comprehand Slovenian as much as 80-90% within a few weeks of exposure. Other Western Slovak speakers (Bratislava) say that Eastern Slovak (Kosice) is hard to understand. http://www.network54.com/Forum/84302/thread/1284248981/last-1288620675/The+real+9-11+cover+up-+Political+hijacking++was+originally+aimed+at+Russia. Interesting when one considers that Ukrainians do not even consider Rusyn a real language. [2], Sign languages are not universal and are usually not mutually intelligible,[3] although there are also similarities among different sign languages. Despite all of this, Ukrainian and Russian aren't the closest languages in the Slavic language family, and they're not even mutually intelligible. However, you do say later in the text that | Animals | Slavic Languages Comparison The Best Online German Learning Resources Ukrainian phrases Ukrainian Phrasebook And Dictionary Paperback Lonely Planet: The world's leading travel guide publisher. I am a good control for this because I am an American but my father is Slovak(my mother is half Slovak but American) and I can understand about 50 % of Slovak and I do have a hard time with Czech but once I get past their hacek r I can understand quite a bit. 12 Dec 2016 #221. These figures were tallied up for each pair of languages to be tabulated and were then all averaged together. Polish and Ukrainian have higher lexical similarity at 72%, and Ukrainian intelligibility of Polish is ~50%+. The thesis that Bulgarian and Macedonian are the same language is not real in the practice. The problem is that most linguists are not interested in scientific intelligibility testing of language pairs. I would hazzard to say that Polish and Czech languages are at minimum 50% Intelligible and comprehensible between Poles and Czechs (when spoken with normal pace ) and at least 60-70% . Ukrainian and Russian only have 60% lexical similarity. Macedonain and Serbo-Croatian being 25% inteligible is simply not true. Ukrainians and Belarusians understand each other's languages with no problem. Can a Russian speaker understand Polish? Hello everyone, You would be amazed at how good peoples estimates of this sort of thing are though. Nevertheless, most Bulgarians over the age of 30-35 understand Russian well since studying Russian was mandatory under Communism. He said he is frequent visitor in Poland and therefore he speaks Polish. The Polish langauge uses the Latin script, while the Ukrainian is written in Cyrillic. How do they arrive at these estimates? Is there any way you could give me percentage figures for these observations of your wifes? Russian has high intelligibility of Belarussian, on the order of 75%. Bulgarian more comprehensible than standard Ukrainian. Like rano i utro or kanapa dywan kawior. Donations are the only thing that keep the site operating. Serbs until recently where still self titled Yugoslavs. Ukrainian pronounces the "o" as "o" whereas Russians pronounce it typically as an "a." The Ukrainian "" and "" have different pronunciations compared to their Russian equivalents, "" and "". However, any suggestions that Kajkavian is a separate language are censored on Croatian TV (Jembrigh 2014). Thus, this exposure gives them an edge when trying to understand Czech. However, many of these dialects are at least partially mutually intelligible. With this, off I go to sleep. Hag_Boulder 9 mo. Lemko is spoken heavily in Poland, and it differs from Standard Rusyn in that it has a lot of Polish vocabulary, whereas Standard Rusyn has more influences from Hungarian and Romanian. I use Ethnologues list of languages and dialects, but extend it a bit. Silesian or Upper Silesian is also a separate language spoken in Poland, often thought to be halfway between Polish and Czech. They understand almost nothing. She didnt have any problem following. Rather than 95%, or 85%. But thats politics for you. Nevertheless, writing continues in various Kajkavian dialects which still retain some connection to the old literary language, although some of the lexicon and grammar are going out (Jembrigh 2014). Intelligibility in the Slavic languages of the Balkans is much exaggerated. People observing conversation between Cieszyn Silesian and Upper Silesian report that they have a hard time understanding each other. If I had to name a Slavic language worst for intelligibility, it would absolutely and positively have to be Bulgarian its phonetics are completely foreign (to the extent that sometimes in the back of my mind I think that it sounds barbarian and Turkish), as is its grammar (the vocabulary, however, is not, being probably 90% similar to Russian, making written Bulgarian pretty easy). Conclusion: Apart lack of understandability there are phrases that could be ill understood with famous Polish I am looking for the broom Kajkavian is fairly uniform across its speech area, whereas Chakavian is more diverse (Jembrigh 2014). Menu. Test only Serbs who know almost no English (they exist in older generation). I was born in Upper State and I can barely understand some southern speakers.Do you think the politics in USA is also preventing the formation of new languages ? But akavian being archaic it has old slavic package. It has many Hungarian words, archaic Slavic words and words of an unknown origin (at least to me). The grammar in both languages is similar, but, predictably, there are a few differences: While Ukrainian includes the past continuous tense, there are only three tenses in Russian (past, present and future). The Torlakian spoken in the southeast is different. This blog post is available as a convenient and portable PDF that you Youre welcome Robert, for a non-slavic speaker, you have a pretty good grasp of these linguistic niceties. But reading a Bulgarian text is surprisingly easy, because the phonology and vocabulary are very similar. Im gonna estimate 40% for Bulgarian, cant really say what the difference between written and spoken Bulgarian would be for me. Its often said that all Slavic languages are mutually intelligible with each other. 4. Ive done tests with my friends shtokavians-only (or monolingual Croats regarding the situation here) and it was very interesting. Look at this Polish girl: Mutual intelligibility mostly applies to the educated, standardized forms of these languages, not to the various sub-standard dialects. The latter is heavily mixed with Shtokavian. Thanks for clearing this up! In akavian they are once more old slavic. can take anywhere. This is the first time that this has been done using just . Swarte will be awarded a PhD by the University of Groningen on 3 March. I would like to add an interesting fact Slovenian has very harsh dialects due to the historic separation of different regions. Just search for alternative Croatian or kaikavian lessons and you will find me, along witht he contact information. For instance, in 1932, Ukrainian g was eliminated from the alphabet in order to make Ukrainian h correspond perfectly with Russian g. After 1991, the g returned to Ukrainian. Czechs claim only 10-15% intelligibility of Polish. I have the hardest time to understand anything of Bulgarian, it sounds really fast and choppy but similar to Russian sometimes. However, Balachka is dying out and is now spoken only by a few old people. Classifications may also shift for reasons external to the languages themselves. You really need to go look at the new version of the paper. Belarussian almost completely comprehensible, except a few words. Nared s osnovnata, izpolzovana v Balgarija, saestvuvat oe makedonska norma, kojato sao izpolzva kirilica, i banatska norma, kojata izpolzva latinica. This is not the case, as all figures were derived from estimates by native speakers themselves, often a number of estimates averaged together. We hate SPAM and promise to keep your email address safe. Many Ukrainian-speakers consider the language . What Are Mutually Intelligible Languages? There is an old Kajkavian-Chakavian dialect continuum of which little remains, although some of the old Kajkavian-Chakavian transitional dialects are still spoken (Jembrigh 2014). And Shtokavian is dialect of Serbian language. I am afraid you are not right because if you take Serbian dialects till Nis, then they are very mutually intelligible with Macedonian! Also, the question is: -did this Serb speak other Slavic languages? If you speak Russian, you might be surprised at how much Ukrainian you understand. Some do in fact argue that Ukrainian shouldn't be considered as an East-Slavic language at all, being that it has more in common with West-Slavic languages such as Polish, Czech and Slovak than it . In addition, political and social conventions often override considerations of mutual intelligibility in both scientific and non-scientific views. Is Russian and Polish Mutually Intelligible? Im The Lizard King, I Can Do Anything! Ive been following this page and kept coming to it for the past months, actually more than a year (and have noticed some updates). This understanding can be in spoken or written communication. The Polish and Ukrainian languages come from the same Slavic roots, but are not so close that they are mutually intelligible. Therefore, for the moment, there are five separate Croatian languages: Shtokavian Croatian, Kajkavian Croatian, Chakavian Croatian, Molise Croatian, and Burgenland Croatian. On the other side, i.e. Usually, theyre at least partially mutually intelligible with the main language they stem from. Cheers brothers and sisters! Amazon and the Amazon logo are trademarks of Amazon.com, Inc, or its affiliates. Chakavian has a low mutual intelligibility with either, in part due to its large number of loanwords from Venetian. So I understood 100% But I admit that it was a relatively very easy text. Mutual intelligibilityrefers to whether speakers of one language can understand speakers of another language. Ukrainians can understand Russian much better than the other way around. All Rights Reserved. Polish only a few words. Many Silesian speakers now speak a watered down version of Silesian which is more properly seen as a Polish dialect with some Silesian words. [2], Because of the difficulty of imposing boundaries on a continuum, various counts of the Romance languages are given; in The Linguasphere register of the worlds languages and speech communities David Dalby lists 23 based on mutual intelligibility:[13]. It was probably in the same ballpark as Polish for me. The higher the linguistic distance, the lower the mutual intelligibility. Or as an English speaker, you might catch the gist of some Scots. How come you have not done a post about 9/11 before Robert? Jembrigh, Mario. How much of Ukrainian can these Russians in Canada understand? A Serbian friend of mine was estaunished to see how some Macedonian celebrities speak Serbian on the TV without accent. PS More than half of Slovenian seems to be closely related to Kaikavian and Chakavian Croatian (and probably Old Shtokavian which is almost extinct). Kajkavian, especially the ZagorjeKajkaviandialect around Zagreb, is close to theStajerskadialect of Slovene. But then the second older guy from Bosnia (Filipovi) appeared on the screen and wow! Instead Eastern Lach and Western Lach have difficult intelligibility and are separate languages, so Lach itself is a macrolanguage. I also conclude that in terms of straight linguistic science anyway, Czech and Slovak are simply one language called Czechoslovakian. Some people in Croatia asked me if I speak Kajkavian when I spoke Slovenian with my friends. For Kai-Cha it was less shocking as many words were taught by their parents (or they remembered them from childhood, before the school system forces you to use only the Std Cro). The problem is that native speakers can understand other speakers of their own language. That movie doesnt have subtitle in Serbia but I think its a big mistake. Mutual intelligibility also occurs in a wide variety of degrees, ranging from none, to partial, to full mutual intelligibility. Thank you. However, Chakavian magazines are published even today (Jembrigh 2014). Macedonian side, the situation is more complicated (i will explain later). For example, the spirantisation of Slavic /g/ to /h/ is an areal feature shared by the Czech-Slovak group with both Ukrainian and Sorbian (but not with Polish). Saris Slovak has high but not complete intelligibility of Polish, possibly 85%. But still Slovene and Dalmatian akavian speaker can talk if they stick to old slavic part of their respective languages. http://ifaq.wap.org/society/voweldeployment.html. If you can speak Russian fluently, you will be able to understand 77% of Polish words, while Czech, Slovak, Bulgarian, and . Your email address will not be published. Bratislava speakers say that Kosice speech sounds half Slovak and half Ukrainian and uses many odd and unfamiliar words. Like a shits to o. Burgenland Croatian, spoken in Austria, is intelligible to Croatian speakers in Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary, but it has poor intelligibility with the Croatian spoken in Croatia. Usama Bin Laden is wanted in connection with the August 7, 1998, bombings of the United States Embassies in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and Nairobi, Kenya. Is there any particular method to determine this? Lach is not fully intelligible with Czech; indeed, the differences between Lach and Czech are greater than the differences between Silesian and Polish, despite the fact that Lach has been heavily leveling into Moravian Czech for the last 100 years. It was for me a bit strange, because Bulgarian science still supports the thesis that Macedonian is Bulgarian. I think that Russian has at least 89% with Belorussian, because I understand all speech in Belorusian. Dont let the past politics fool you. While discussing mutual intelligibility, the author often calls upon bilingual learning; for example, Czech and Slovak are considered highly intelligible because of the strong cross-cultural overlap. Postby voron 2018-01-26, 22:33. Polish lacks full intelligibility of Silesian, although this is controversial (see below). And the same problem emerges in other situations. We also participate in other affiliate advertising programs for products and services we believe in. Slovak 50 % spoken, 70 % written [4], Some linguists use mutual intelligibility as a primary criterion for determining whether two speech varieties represent the same or different languages. As far as grammars are concerned (declension and conjugation), they are so similar that there is almost no effort in understanding that this noun is, for example, in dative plural, and that verb is imperfective past. The main difference is in the ortography. Chakavian and Kajkavian have high, but not full mutual intelligibility. About the mistakes However, all three languages - Ukrainian, Russian and Belarusian - are in part mutually intelligible, and already knowing one can help a lot if you want to learn one of the . There are many differences between Bulgarian and Russian speakers. When I visited Bulgaria I tried to communicate in Serbian language with the Bulgars. but they are often mutually intelligible. It is just a dialect in east Slovakia that westernd Slovaks (and Czechs) find harder to understand but it is not like they would not understand a word. Although different writing systems are used, there are many similarities in the grammar used, such as Russian, Polish, and Ukrainian. If I tell them few sentences (phrases) in Boyko dialect, then Russians wont be able to understand at all. @jacobbauthumley Russian speakers are also likely to understand some Bulgarian, along with other Slavic languages to a lesser extent. It is quite true that Macedonian speakers (even today) are switching to Serbian (although there is a resistence among some speakers of Macdonian) on informal situations. Spanish is most mutually intelligible with Galician. Problem is the spoken form, as Bulgarians dont speak as it is written, which is the case with serbian or croatian. It is often said that Ukrainian and Russian are intelligible with each other or even that they are the same language (a view perpetuated by Russian nationalists). My parents (and naturally me when I was child) make a lot of mistakes in the word cases and it means that they are (for the speakers from more west Serbian and also Croatian region) the lower social group, that they are not educated enough or that they are unread, and why dont Macedonians in their native language too, especially in ex Yugoslavia. One way to look at Macedonian is that it is a Serbo-Croatian-Bulgarian transitional lect. Shtokavian is simply the same Serbo-Croatian language that is also spoken in Croatia, Montenegro and Bosnia. I am born and raised in Western Ukraine in a Russophone family. Hence the figures are averages taken from statements by native speakers of the languages in question. If you're a foreign student, studying russian, it's unlikely you'd be able to understand Ukrainian at all. That being said, the line between a language and a dialect is often blurred. Woof woof! In Serbian word order is not that important like it is in English. I just didnt realize that when you talked about learning the other language you were actually referring to the errors inherent in doing a non-virgin ears MI study, and not conflating language learning with mutual intelligibility. In fact, people in the north of Poland regard Silesian as incomprehensible. Russian has 85% intelligibility with Rusyn (which has a small number of speakers in Central and Eastern Europe). We found that Czech and Slovak have by far the highest level of mutual intelligibility, followed by Croatian and Slovene. I have no problems understanding the Torlakian dialect. It is not true that Shtokavian which I speak is not mutually intelligible with Torlakian of southern Serbia. Ive watched that movie on a croatian television with the croatian subtitle and understood that movie much much better, though Croatian also has a little differences. I've ne. Often the two languages are genetically related, and they are likely to be similar to each other in grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, or other features. It was a long time ago though, so Ill try to convince her (and maybe a couple more Russians) to try this again tonight. Because they use different alphabets, German and Yiddish are only mutually intelligible when spoken. It is time to stop believing to the politically motivated propaganda about our languages and start telling the truth. but the two languages are more different than some people think. In addition, the Slobozhan dialects of Ukrainian and Russian such as (Slobozhan Ukrainian and Slobozhan Russian) spoken in Kantemirov (Voronezhskaya Oblast, Russia), and Kuban Russian or Balachka spoken in the Kuban area right over the eastern border of Ukraine are very close to each other. All South Slavic languages in effect form a large dialect continuum of gradually mutually intelligible varieties depending on distance between the areas where they are spoken. Hello, the difference of course is completely arbitrary, but above 90%, most speakers regard their comprehension as full or say things like I understand it completely. Below 90%, it starts getting a lot more iffy, and down towards 80-85%, people start saying things like, I understand most of it but not all! and people start regarding the other tongue as possibly a separate language. About Slovak being two different unintelligible languages I highly doubt so. The Chinese language, on the other hand, is comprised of a number of dialects that arent always mutually intelligible.
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